buy custom The Impact of Computer Technologies on the Russian Culture essay

buy custom The Impact of Computer Technologies on the Russian Culture essay Introduction Russia Moral exposure Russians citizens exposure on democracy and governance Government reaction by censuring unethical stuff Business ethics Students exposure in business ethics fosters the standards in graduates Faster development due to innovation and accountability Internet accessibility Internet browsing allowed but only on limited content Local internet used to foster the culture of the Russians Russian internet restrictions Foreign stuff vetted before being allowed Conclusion Introduction Global revolution in technology has brought changes in morals and ethics, the uncontrolled internet use has been a major challenge in controlling the ethics and moral in the society. Countries like Russia believe the culture is built by social status, education, history and heritage. The Russians are in dilemma on adopting the capitalism and maintaining the tradition culture of communism (Peterson, 2005). The internet has been used to spread democracy while in some cases; it has been used by criminals to spread propaganda. Russia being one of the countries that have adopted the use of the computer technologies, the country has witnessed some moral change. The position of the conservative culture has gone down thus prompting the government to act swiftly to prevent the western culture from being adopted. Russia Moral exposure The freedom has seen the activist using the internet to communicate with the other activists outside the country. The stern restrictions from the government has been effective thus less involvement of the activists in the internal affairs of the country however the security reasons has been a major concern from the government. Due to the exposure in the internet; the citizens get to know their rights and the weaknesses in the people in power. Russia being, federal government with less accountability, the citizens could learn more on democracy. This would endanger the government in place. However the government has ensured the fact does not happen. Instead it censors some of the foreign internet postings in the countrys internet. Well checked information can only be posted in the country. Much of the information stuff being shared is usually from the government and the locally providers. Censuring of the internet in the country has been brought by the fact that the internet encourages the citizens to participate in uncontrolled conversations which would risk national security. If that happens, the government would have less power in controlling the citizens thus resulting in a serious political crisis. Business ethics There is also a major problem with the internet crime. The country is known for its talented computer experts therefore they are expected to have both the negative impact in the country. The country would basically develop faster in the internet accessibility if the freedom is provided. The student would be able to access more data worldwide which would then be used to develop the countys systems even further. Also considering the manpower in the country, the impact of freedom in technology would be beneficial to the computer development. However the access to the internet reduces the loyalty of the citizens to the government by being too critical. The Russian ethical and moral issues depend on the adoption of the new technology which is being developed by several countries globally. Though Russia was among the first countries to embrace the new technology of the computer era, the government control of the use is still in. citizens are allowed a limited access to the internet; only sites believed not to be a thread to the security of the nation. Basically this is because the major global internet providers such as the Google have not found access to the nation (Adirim, 1991). Citing the decay in culture, the government decided to keep off its citizens from acting in the western style. The move was anticipated to avoid the drain in the communism. Internet accessibility Unlike during the Soviet Union era, the government has lessened the control over the communication sector and the access to the technology. The educational standards in Russia have been a major driver in the rapid adoption of the new technology. Over 9 percent of the Russian adult population gain access to the internet. The government has promoted the use of the internet in the learning institutions to promote national development. The major Russian internet home is the RUNet; the firm is locally based and has a large market within Russia because of the usual cultural believe that the western information has no positive word on the country. Therefore the culture and the moral of the Russians still remain intact. The activist and critics of the government have limited space to comment on the government or the politicians this is because they fear being indicted. Due to the government hand in the technological development, the Russians have little interest therefore leaving the origina l culture to be propagated through. Unlike other countries controlling the internet, Russian government doesnt have international control on internet due to the low international internet use. Russian internet restrictions The Russian government has come to restrict the access to the intternet information to its people. There is fear that the highly talented professionals in the information systems would use the system to interrupt the operations and the business in thee country. As it has happened in other countries, hacking of the computer system is a common phenomenon globally. The government position on restricting the internet operations has both negative positive impacts on the social development in Russia. Basically the total freedom of the internet use would result in a lot of cyber crimes considering the computer experts in the country. The businesses might be rendered into a risks Endeavour following the system hacking. Therefore the control would maintain the social stability and low political intrigues. The government also fears the use of the internet by the rivals in defamation thus risking exposure. However the move to block the innovative minds from participating in the global growth wo uld isolate the Russians from the rest of the world. It is evident in its reluctance to embrace the computers made outside the country citing the security reasons. After the cold war, the Russia has been developing its computer system mostly in competition with the US. Thus any attempt to adopt the computers from outside would erode the countrys political norms and culture. Traditionally Russia was among the first countries to develop computers. In the 1950s, the computers in Russia were much ahead in terms of innovation and sophistication. However the country has believed in its own experts for the development to avoid the security from the imported computers. Such a move has been successful in convincing the public over the impact of the initiative. The government control on the internet therefore is an important tool in reducing the western culture from interfering from the Russian culture. The culture has been therefore in the cold therefore the Russian government avoids the drain of the US dominance into its territory. Conclusion Russian culture has been different from the western culture; while the west embraces freedom in all sectors, the Russian government prefers the control of the internet use. As witnessed in the countrys internet access, much of the stuff contains the Russian presentation. The citizens also like the local stuff therefore Russia has been successful in implementing change to suit the new era in the computer world. Considering the high level of knowledge in the country, Russia morals and ethics have been preserved. Developing of the Skolkovo has gained fame from the Russian government and is indented to equivalent with the Innograd in the US. The move basically shows the wish by the Russians to maintain their culture with the technology in place. Buy custom The Impact of Computer Technologies on the Russian Culture essay

The Definition of Ethnicity in Sociology

The Definition of Ethnicity in Sociology In sociology, ethnicity is a concept referring to a shared culture and a way of life. This can be reflected in language, religion, material culture such as clothing and cuisine, and cultural products such as music and art. Ethnicity is often a major source of social cohesion as well as social conflict. The world is home to thousands of different ethnic groups, from the Han Chinese- the largest ethnic group in the world- to the smallest indigenous groups, some of which include only a few dozen people. Almost all of these groups possess a shared history, language, religion, and culture, which provide group members with a common identity. Learned Behavior Ethnicity, unlike race, is not based on biological traits, except in the case of ethnic groups that recognize certain traits as requirements for membership. In other words, the cultural elements that define a particular ethnic group are taught, not inherited. This means that the boundaries between ethnic groups are, to some degree, fluid, allowing for individuals to move between groups. This can happen, for example, when a child from one ethnic group is adopted into another, or when an individual undergoes a religious conversion. It can also happen through the process of acculturation, whereby members of a native group are forced to adopt the culture and manners of a dominating host group. Ethnicity should not be confused with nationality, which refers to citizenship. While some countries are largely composed of a single ethnic group (Egypt, Finland, Germany, China), others are composed of many different groups (United States, Australia, Philippines, Panama). The rise of nation-states in Europe in the 1600s led to the creation of many countries that are still ethnically homogenous today (the population of Germany, for example, is 91.5 percent German). Countries that were founded as colonies, on the other hand, are more likely to be home to multiple ethnicities. Examples Different ethnic groups do not use the same criteria to define group membership. While one group may emphasize the importance of a shared language, another may emphasize the importance of a shared religious identity. For example, French Canadians are an ethnic group for whom language is paramount. It is what connects them to the French colonists who first settled Canada in the 1600s and what distinguishes them from English Canadians, Scottish Canadians, and Irish Canadians. Other aspects of culture, such as religion, are less significant when it comes to defining who is and is not French Canadian. Most French Canadians are Christians, but some are Catholic and others are Protestant. In contrast, religion is an essential part of ethnic identity for groups such as the Jews. Unlike French Canadians, Jews do not define themselves based on a single shared language. In fact, Jewish communities throughout the world have developed a variety of different languages, including Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino (Judeo-Spanish), Judeo-Arabic, and Judeo-Aramaic (not to mention the many Jews who speak English, French, German, or any other of the worlds many languages). Because ethnic groups are self-defined, it is important to remember that no single aspect of group identity (language, religion, etc.) can be used to sort people into one group or another. Flashpop / Getty Images Race vs. Ethnicity Unlike ethnicity, race is based on physical traits that are inherited, such as skin color and facial features. Racial categories are broader than ethnic categories. Today, for example, the U.S. Census divides people into five racial categories: white, black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native,  Asian, and  Native Hawaiian  or Other Pacific Islander. Modern scientists regard race as a social construct, and racial categories, like ethnic categories, have changed over time. What Is My Ethnicity? Because ethnicity is more of a cultural practice than a science, you probably grew up understanding your own ethnicity in a way that tests will never be able to measure. The food you ate, the traditions you practiced, and the language(s) you spoke are all essential aspects of your ethnic identity. If you are interested in learning more about your exact ancestry, you can do so using a variety of DNA testing services. DNA Testing for Ethnicity DNA testing- available through services such as 23andMe, MyHeritage, and LivingDNA- allows people to explore their genealogy using their genetic information. Examining DNA can reveal information about a persons ancestry and ethnic background. While the principles of DNA testing are sound, the private companies that offer this service through home-testing kits have been criticized for their methodologies. Sheldon Krimsky, a scientist at Tufts University, says that these companies don’t share their data, and their methods are not validated by an independent group of scientists. Since each company uses a different database of genetic information, Krimsky says the tests can only give an indication of probabilities: The results are in no way definitive; instead each company uses common genetic variations as the basis for saying the  The popularity of DNA testing for ancestry has also generated concerns about data privacy.